Today, many U.S. states monitor and control vehicular emissions. Combustion engines emit hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other particulates. These chemicals cause damage to the environment and to public health. For decades, California’s emission control standards were significantly more onerous than other states. Today however, many states have adopted rigorous safety and emissions standards, requiring motorists to pass lengthy annual inspections, The costs associated with emissions testing, both to the motorist and to the municipality, are significant. In an effort to facilitate the process and lower the cost, several states have adopted strategies to ease the process. One such strategy is known as the on-the-spot emissions coupon process.

Why On the Spot Emissions Coupons are Growing in Popularity

Periodic motor vehicle inspection requirements are established and monitored by each state. Motorists must submit their vehicle to periodic inspection at a facility operated by their state’s motor vehicle department or division. More than a dozen states have adopted a more streamlined approach however, authorizing qualified auto repair shops to carry out safety inspections and emissions tests. Rather than having to travel a long way to one of a few state testing centers, individuals can simply find a qualifying auto repair shop near them that is authorized by the state. In most cases, the testing facility provides a report of the inspection, which the motorist submits with his or her registration renewal. But in Utah for example, motorists can obtain their safety inspection and emissions testing all in one spot. This type of “one stop shopping” saves time and financial resources for both the state and the motorist.

Other Developments in Emissions Testing

Scientists from the University of Denver have developed an emissions detection system that utilizes laser beams to measure the output of cars as they travel along the road. Unlike the old roadside “smog dog” monitors, this system (called “RapidScreen”) provide a highly detailed report of vehicle emissions using infrared and ultraviolet beams of light refracted off mirrors. Watch for this technology to pop up around the country, once the bugs are worked out. Perhaps the most impressive short cut of all are those states that have been able to suspend their emission testing programs, either in rural areas or altogether. If a state’s air quality meets minimum federal standards, no testing program is necessary. That is the case today in about a dozen states, including Florida, Michigan, and Kentucky.

For the emissions laws and inspection requirements specific to your state, visit your local DMV website. There is a Wikipedia page covering this topic, and AAA offers a comprehensive rundown of each state’s requirements.

It seems like every car repair shop today is pushing the “quick engine flush” as a miracle cure for what ails your car. Is this service really a necessary part of your vehicle’s maintenance, or is it just more snake oil designed to take your hard-earned dollars? The simple answer is that it may be a little bit of both. Here are some basic facts about the engine flush, why it may or may not be necessary for you, and how to avoid it in the future.

What is an Engine Flush

Simply put, an engine flush is a method of cleaning the internal components of your car’s motor (not to be confused with a radiator flush. . . that’s something completely different!). When we don’t change our car’s oil frequently enough (or if the car is regularly driven in very dusty or otherwise challenging conditions), deposits of all kinds can accumulate inside the engine. Once this happens, oil flow can become restricted, resulting in diminished performance and – ultimately –damage to the engine. A flush is performed by adding a cleaning agent to the engine oil crankcase, running it through the system, then draining and replacing it with engine oil.

Do I Need an Engine Flush

Before you even consider an engine flush, check with the manufacturer’s recommendations for your vehicle. Some strongly advise against it. There are some cases where you should, however, consider having an engine flush. If you have recently purchased a used car from an unknown source, an engine flush may be a good idea. You have no idea how the vehicle has been maintained, so it’s better to be safe than sorry. Also, if you have been particularly lax in having your own regular maintenance (especially oil changes) done, you may also want to consider having the engine flushed. When your car has been left to sit undriven for an extended period, it might be wise to flush the motor. Finally, if you plan to keep your car for the long haul, consider having the engine flushed every few years to extend the car’s life. For some older cars, an engine flush may be necessary to pass an annual safety inspection or emissions test.

Maintenance Tips to Avoid Engine Flush

The quick answer is to have regular oil changes performed by a reputable auto repair shop. Use the type of oil recommended for your vehicle. Keep up with all of your other maintenance tasks as well. If you do find yourself in need of an engine flush – or if you’re simply not sure – talk to a reputable mechanic in your area for recommendations.

The subject of motor oil for your car may seem simple and straightforward, but it’s really anything but. Oil is critical to keep your car’s engine working properly and for extending the vehicle’s life. If you look on the shelf at the auto parts store however, you will see dozens of different oils for numerous uses, with different viscosities and various chemical compositions. So which one is right for you? Start with checking your owner’s manual to verify the recommended type and viscosity of oil for your vehicle.

Traditional or Conventional Motor Oil

Regular or non-synthetic oil is the product we all grew up with. It is readily available and generally less expensive than synthetic oil products. Traditional motor oil is synthesized from crude oil. For many newer vehicles, it should provide a sufficient level of lubrication and is in fact recommended by many experts as the best type of oil for breaking in a new motor. The down side of traditional motor oil is the amount of environmental pollutants it emits.

Synthetic Motor Oil

Synthetic oil is often hailed as a kind of modern miracle. Although synthetic does have many advantages, it has a few drawbacks also. Synthetics will make your car operate more efficiently, use less gas, and possibly even gain horsepower. Synthetics are significantly better at high temperatures and won’t become too viscous in the cold either. Synthetic oil change frequency is much less than conventional products. The biggest drawback is the cost of synthetic oil, which is definitely more than conventional products, typically two to three times more. You can switch to synthetic oil at any point in a car’s life and, despite urban myths to the contrary, you can switch back to traditional motor oil at any time without harming the vehicle.

Synthetic Blend Motor Oil

A best of both worlds, synthetic blend oils add a portion of synthetic oil to the organic product. This blend is intended for use with higher temperatures and heavier loads, popular with those who drive SUVs and pickup trucks carrying loads or towing. These products evaporate less which reduces the amount of oil burned and increases fuel economy. The cost of synthetic blend oils is actually closer to conventional oil.

When it’s time for your next oil change, talk with your mechanic about which oil might be most appropriate for your vehicle. Changing to synthetic oil will cost you a little more, but the extended life of your engine may make it worthwhile. You will also save money thanks to the reduced synthetic oil change frequency.

Do Americans (and especially Utah residents) have it easy or tough when it comes to vehicle inspection and emissions testing? Almost every country around the globe requires some kind of similar test, and you might be luckier than you think when it comes to cost, time spent and overall standards. Safety and emissions testing are designed to ensure your well being, the safety of others on the road and to help keep Mother Nature a little healthier.

Ready to see how the US stacks up? From Brazil to the UK and everywhere in between, here’s a glimpse into safety inspections on a global scale.

Around the World in an Approved Car

In Brazil, only private companies offer inspections and it’s mandatory every single year for gas, diesel, alcohol and all natural gas vehicles, unless they’re registered in the current year (in which case they’ve already been approved for 365 days). Every motorbike and motorcycle also has to be inspected, with the only exception being if they have a two-stroke engine. Inspectors look for emission and noise levels. Once the vehicle passes, drivers get an electronic stamp that’s linked to the license plate. In some cities, traffic cameras automatically tag cars without updated stickers and you’ll get a ticket in the mail for about $40.

Our neighbor up north has different testing regulations in various provinces (kind of like states in the US). If you’re in New Brunswick, an annual test is required but if you’re in Nova Scotia, it’s every two years. However, those in Ontario and in certain regions have it worse, since they have to get it checked twice a year.

Asian Influence

Japan has what’s called a “shaken” program, which is required of all personal cars and two-wheeled motorcycles in the past three years. A new shaken is required every two years. In China, the Chinese Rural Vehicle (CRV) is a government agency that lets police fine anyone whose car releases “visible smoke.” Different cities and provinces also have their own regulations, and new vehicles must pass European regulations when being manufactured in the country.

As for Singapore, cars must get an inspection every two years, except for vehicles older than 10 years which need one annually. Motorcycles and mopeds also must follow these regulations. For taxis, commercial vehicles, buses and trailers, inspections are every six months or year depending on its age. You have to have an updated sticker to get your car’s new road tax.

European Laws

Austria mandates that all vehicles undergo “recurring inspection” annually, and you get a white sticker if your car has a catalytic converter and a green sticker if it doesn’t. If your decal is up to date the car is considered “roadworthy,” but Austria offers a generous four-month grace period. For new cars, an inspection is required within three years.

Nearly every country is doing their part to green up the roads—but some are bigger sticklers than others. The next time your emissions test is due, count yourself lucky that it’s not every six months.

You dutifully get your emission test done every year or two, snag that DMV renewal sticker and maybe you even sprung for a hybrid or fuel efficient vehicle. Now what? If you’re not driving “environmentally friendly,” you’re not doing all you can to green up the environment. There are tricks you can employ to not only lighten your carbon “tire marks,” but also save on fuel and help minimize smog in your city. Consider this your crash course on green driving, and the next time you hit the open road, try out your new moves.

The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) provides motorists with plenty of tips on saving cash and the environment while being behind the wheel. Start with routine vehicle maintenance to ensure your ride is functioning at its best. Something as minor as an oil change can do wonders for your car and Mother Nature. In the long run, it’ll help you green up both your wallet and the earth.

Drive Green

While regular maintenance is crucial, it’s most important to keep an eye on the engine. Spark plugs are notorious for wearing out, and if they misfire they can knock your fuel efficiency down by up to 30 percent. Replace those fluids and filters when recommended, and keep in mind that a properly maintained engine causes less pollution. Plus, a neglected car will only lead to more costly repairs the longer you hold out.

Many drivers are great DIY mechanics, but if you fall into this category also consider yourself an environmental steward. Make sure to follow government regulations for disposing of fluids as well as batteries. Just one quart of used motor oil tarnishes thousands of gallons of water. And antifreeze? Dumping it on the ground poisons animals and wildlife. There are many nearby shops that will happily take that old fluid, and local government departments can recommend disposal or recycling facilities.

Easy as Pie

Tire inflation is directly linked to how hard your engine works. Low air pressure (even if it’s so minor that the warning light doesn’t come on) can make your engine work double time. Misaligned tires can also lead to an overworked engine. Tire maintenance is key, and remember that skipping this checkup means they’ll probably wear out faster—and tires are a toughie to recycle.

When driving, avoid accelerating suddenly and speeding in general. Both of these bad habits cause massive gas consumption and pile on more wear and tear for the transmission, engine, and steering/suspension system. Cruise control is your friend, and don’t forget to drive consciously as well as defensively. Need a little more incentive? You’ll make your brakes last even longer.

Final Tips

Whenever possible, cut down on driving all together. This might mean consolidating errands, walking or biking when possible and maybe checking out a car share situation for your commute. You should also take out any extra weight you’re carrying (like those golf clubs). Too much junk in the trunk leads to bad mileage. Emission Time wishes you happy and safe driving.

Know the emissions and inspections standards in Utah? That’s great—but what if you ever move? Regulations vary from state to state, and even city to city, so it’s advisable to have an idea of where you stand. Take a look at the general emissions standards at a national level to find out just what kind of measures are being taken to go green. It all starts with regulating hydrocarbons, which are created when fuel doesn’t burn or partially burns. If that gets into the atmosphere and mixes with sunlight or nitrogen oxides, it becomes a big creator of ozone.

At the ground level, ozone mixes with other gases to create smog. It’s what causes air pollution and maybe those allergies. It can bring on asthma attacks, damage lungs when present in heavy quantities and some studies have even linked it to cancer. The most hydrocarbons your vehicle can release is 0.156 g/mi. If you have an ultra low emission vehicle (ULEV), your standard is 0.055 g/mi.

Dangerous Gases

Nitrogen oxide levels also have to be kept low. It’s formed via oxygen and nitrogen atoms mixing together in a high pressure environment—like your engine. Nitrogen oxides are the primary cause of “acid rain” and can also create ozone in certain atmospheres. You’re allowed 0.6 g/mi or 0.3 g/mi for a ULEV.

Then of course there’s carbon monoxide, which is invisible, odorless and deadly. The latter is because it decreases the amount of oxygen that gets to your brain. It can be created when fuel isn’t properly oxidized—that’s when it transforms into carbon monoxide and can kill in seconds. You’re restricted to less than 4.2 g/mi or 2.1 g/mi for a ULEV vehicle.

The Final Two

Carbon dioxide is the primary cause of greenhouses gases, and it’s what’s heating up the earth. It’s produced sometimes even when your car is in perfect working condition and all fuel is burned or oxidized. Simply put, carbon dioxide happens and there’s no way to really regulate or lower it. However, if there are other issues, you’ll likely fail from other gases and carbon dioxide will naturally get lower as repairs are made.

Finally, there are evaporation emissions. This is what transpires when fuel evaporates. This often happens on hot days when the gas in the tank gets warm. Gas vapors are released to reduce pressure, and that fuel is vaporized as you drive. Once you’ve been on the road awhile, the engine cools down as long as it’s working well. You have to stay under 2.0 g/test for one hour of a “hot soak.”

These are just the national guidelines—you may be required to undergo even more testing. Routine maintenance can help your vehicle pass, but make sure you also keep up to date on what’s required for an A+.

Even if you drive a classic car, government agencies are requiring Utah residents to take some measures to lower pollutant emissions. There are certain standards that vehicles need to clear in order to get that required certificate—and get your DMV sticker renewed. Whether or not your car passes is largely in your hands. Sometimes all it takes is a quick tune-up to get a car up to snuff. Other times, you might be facing a major overhaul.

Knowing the most common causes for emissions failure is critical. A common issue is your fuel metering not matching specifications. It might be a faulty fuel injection unit, problems with the carburetor or an issue with a computerized engine control system. These fixes might be fast and cheap, so don’t get frustrated if your vehicle doesn’t pass the first time. Instead, focus on getting it repaired.

Common Concerns

A bad oxygen sensor can also lead to an automatic failure. This device measures how much oxygen is in the exhaust gas, but if it’s not working correctly it will make your vehicle fail emissions. This is a relatively common problem that can be caused by high toxic emissions or even routine overheating. A mechanic can get to the core of the problem and find that it might be something as minor as needing new antifreeze to get the oxygen sensor back on track.

You might also be facing a faulty ignition system. An analyzer during emissions testing can pick up on high levels of hydrocarbons. This can happen if a car isn’t regularly maintained. Spark plugs that have gone bad or are worn out, ignition timing that’s too high or an outdated distributor cap can all lead to faulty ignition systems, but they’re all cheap, quick fixes.

Digging Deeper

If you have a leak in the car’s vacuum, that’s another automatic failure. This often happens when the MAP sensor isn’t working, which measures internal combustion load in the engine’s electronic system. Leaks are often found in the vacuum lines or in the gaskets. A patch can get you a passing grade and back on the road.

Other times, it might be (too) rich fuel mixture that’s giving you problems. If there are high levels of CO₂ from a weak ignition or a rich fuel mixture, that’s certainly not environmentally friendly. You may be dealing with leaky injectors, a contaminated oxygen sensor or a fuel pressure that’s a bit too high.

Second Chances

Luckily for Utah residents, there are shops that offer auto maintenance and repairs along with emissions testing. It’s like one stop shopping for your biggest DMV needs. Not all fixes are going to be available here, but it’s a great place to start and may provide you with peace of mind by telling you exactly what’s wrong. Maybe you won’t have to sell that old collector car after all. A little TLC can make a world of difference and help you pass with flying colors.